Global measures to address climate change
全球应对气候变暖的措施
高度关注
减排和增汇
碳库
固碳
碳足迹
At the first World Climate Conference held in Geneva, Switzerland in 1979, scientists warned that an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration would lead to global warming, and climate change was first put on the agenda as an issue of international concern species worldwide going extinct.
1979年在瑞士日内瓦召开的第一次世界气候大会上，科学家提出了大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加将导致地球升温的警告，气候变化首次作为一个受到国际社会关注的问题提上议事日程。
In 2016, 175 countries jointly signed the Paris Agreement, committing to strive to achieve positive and negative offsetting of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions through measures such as forests and oceans, afforestation, energy conservation and emission reduction in the second half of this century, known as "climate neutrality.
2016年，175个国家共同签署了《巴黎协定》，承诺尽可能争取在本世纪下半叶，人为排放的温室气体能通过森林和海洋、植树造林、节能减排等限制温室气体排放措施，实现正负抵消，即为“气候中和”。
At present, the main measures to mitigate climate change are reducing emissions and increasing sinks. Compared with emission reduction measures, sink enhancement measures have become an important means of mitigating climate change due to their low cost, multiple benefits, and ease of operation.
目前，减缓气候变暖的主要措施是减排和增汇。与减排手段相比，增汇措施因其低成本、多效益、易操作，成为减缓气候变暖的重要手段。
Carbon storage refers to the storage of carbon. Usually includes aboveground biomass, underground biomass, litter, dead wood, and soil organic matter carbon pool. Its unit is the unit of quality.
碳库即碳的储存库。通常包括地上生物量、地下生物量、枯落物、枯死木和土壤有机质碳库。其单位为质量单位。
Due to the fact that carbon is always involved in the carbon cycle rather than oxygen, the amount of carbon involved in the carbon cycle process is always calculated instead of the amount of carbon dioxide.
由于参与碳循环的始终是碳而不是氧，因此碳循环过程中所计算的始终是碳参与的数量而不是二氧化碳的数量。
There are a total of 107 tons of carbon on Earth, most of which exist in the form of fossil fuels and carbonate rocks such as limestone.The content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is 0.037%, while the content of carbon monoxide and methane is very low, but the average carbon pool content in the atmosphere is Up to 730 billion tons.
地球上总共有107吨的碳,它们中的大部分都以化石燃料和石灰岩等碳酸盐岩石的形式存在。大气中的二氧化碳的含量是0.037%，而一氧化碳和甲烷的含量很少，但大气中的碳库含量平均值达到了7300亿吨。
Most of the carbon on Earth is still stored in the oceans, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is formed when carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in water.The carbon pool on land is composed of soil and organic matter. Among them, the carbon content in soil is 1.5 trillion tons, and the carbon in organic matter mainly comes fromBotany. There are two sources of carbon in soil: one is the carbon produced by the decomposition of organic matter after death; The second is the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the pore capacity between soil particles.
地球上大部分的碳还是存储在海洋中，空气中的二氧化碳溶解于水后形成溶解的无机碳(DIC)。陆地上的碳库由土壤和有机物组成。其中，土壤中的碳含量为1.5万亿吨，有机物中的碳主要来自植物。土壤中的碳有两个来源：一是有机物死亡后分解产生的碳；二是土壤颗粒间的空隙容量所吸收的大气中的二氧化碳。
Forest plants absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis to produce organic matter and release oxygen, thereby reducing carbon dioxide in the air.Scientific research shows that for every cubic meter of wood grown, an average of 1.83 tons of carbon dioxide are absorbed and 1.62 tons of oxygen are released. Bamboo has a higher photosynthetic rate than ordinary tree forests and can quickly absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Among them, the carbon sequestration capacity of bamboo forest ranks first, which is 1.32 times that of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and 3.90 times that of Pinus massoniana forest. If each bamboo plant can offset 8 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year, 333 bamboo plants can be planted per hectare, which can offset 2.664 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare.
森林植物通过光合作用吸收二氧化碳生成有机物并释放出氧气，从而起到减少空气中的二氧化碳的作用。科学研究表明：每生长1立方米的木材，平均吸收1.83吨二氧化碳,释放1.62吨氧气。竹子光合速率高于普通乔木森林，可以快速吸收大气中的二氧化碳。其中，毛竹林的固碳能力排在首位，是针阔混交林的1.32倍，是马尾松林的3.90倍。若每株竹子每年可抵消8公斤二氧化碳，1公顷可种333株毛竹，每公顷可抵消2.664吨二氧化碳。
据IPCC估算，全球陆地生态系统2.48万亿吨，碳储量中有1.15万亿吨贮存在森林生态系统中。
第九次全国森林资源清查(2014-2018年)结果显示：中国森林面积2.2亿公顷，人工林面积7954万公顷，持续保持世界首位。森林植被总碳储量达91.86亿吨，年固碳量4.34亿吨，年释氧量10.29亿吨。
According to IPCC estimates, the global terrestrial ecosystem has 2.48 trillion tons, with 1.15 trillion tons of carbon stored in forest ecosystems.
The results of the 9th National Forest Resource Inventory (2014-2018) show that China has a forest area of 220 million hectares and an artificial forest area of 79.54 million hectares, maintaining its position as the world's largest. The total carbon storage of forest vegetation reaches 9.186 billion tons, with an annual carbon sequestration of 434 million tons and an annual oxygen release of 1.029 billion tons.
碳足迹指的是由企业机构、活动、产品或个人引起的温室气体排放的集合。温室气体排放渠道主要有：交通运输、食品生产和消费、能源使用以及各类生产过程。
碳足迹表示一个人或者团体的“碳耗用量”。“碳”，就是石油、煤炭、木材等由碳元素构成的自然资源。“碳”耗用得越多，导致地球暖化的元凶“二氧化碳”也制造得越多，“碳足迹”就越大。反之,“碳足迹”就越小。
Carbon footprint refers to the collection of greenhouse gas emissions caused by businesses, activities, products, or individuals. The main channels of greenhouse gas emissions include transportation, food production and consumption, energy use, and various production processes.
Carbon footprint represents the 'carbon consumption' of an individual or group. Carbon "refers to natural resources composed of carbon elements such as oil, coal, and wood. The more carbon is consumed, the more carbon dioxide, the culprit of global warming, is produced, and the larger the carbon footprint. On the contrary, the smaller the carbon footprint.
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